Cottage Garden: Plants, Ideas & Design

Farm garden: DIY garden ideas

Contrary to what one might initially assume, the "classic" peasant garden is not originally peasant at all. For there is no evidence anywhere that this way of laying out a garden corresponds to a historical reality. Rather, the peasant garden is an art object that first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century in the Hamburg botanical garden. The idea there was to depict an ideal peasant garden. The "garden design" that came out of it, however, did not have much to do with the "real" peasant gardens of the time, but rather came from a romantic, idealized idea. The "real" peasant gardens of the time were focused solely on the production of useful plants and served to secure the food supply of the rural population. One would have looked in vain for a geometric layout and box hedges as aesthetic elements. However, similar cultivated plants were found here.

Creating a cottage garden: Plants, structure and layout

The fact that the Hamburg farmer's garden found its way into garden culture also has a lot to do with the fact that gardening at this time was increasingly turning from a survival necessity for the rural population into a leisure activity for the middle classes. Although the peasant garden is also much about aesthetics, the main purpose is nevertheless the cultivation of vegetables and medicinal plants. In the meantime, the peasant garden has long since found its place in the suburbs and garden settlements and it is impossible to imagine garden culture without it.

The Hamburg cottage garden is often square or at least rectangular and quartered by a cross of paths. The paths are often separated from the beds by small hedges or walls. In larger farm gardens, the individual beds are also divided again by paths and hedges or walls. In the middle of the crossroads there is often a small terrace, a small tree, a flower bed or a fountain. In your modern interpretation of a farmer's garden, however, there could also be a raised bed or a herb spiral here, for example. To the outside, the Hamburg cottage garden is often protected by a fence, a higher hedge or a wall. Fruit trees also have their place in the cottage garden. Fruit trees or berry bushes are often found on the north side of the garden. Although the botanical focus in the cottage garden is on vegetables, herbs, medicinal and fruit plants, flowers and perennials can also be found.

Farm garden design: Step by step

Create vegetable beds

If you have a lot of space in your garden, then it makes sense to think about where you want to plant your cottage garden. Once you've decided on the location, size and shape, it's time to define the paths and beds. It is best to mulch the paths with bark mulch, gravel or similar. This ensures that they are not overgrown with weeds and that the soil can still breathe and absorb water. When creating the beds, you proceed as you would with any other garden bed. A guide with tips and ideas for creating a new vegetable patch, you can find here in the article.

Cottage garden border layout: Create bed borders

For the bed borders you have many different options. Classically, the beds in the cottage garden are bordered with box hedges. However, since the boxwood borer is now very widespread and you may not enjoy your box hedge as much, it is worth considering alternatives. Bird and bee friendly shrubs would be an example. You can also build a raised border of stone or wood. Or, you can forego a raised border and plant a flowering strip around your beds. There are no limits to your creativity when designing your cottage garden.

Planting shrubs, hedges and trees

At the northern edge of your cottage garden you can plant berry bushes, because there they do not shade the beds. Whether it's raspberry, gooseberry or blackberry, it's entirely up to your taste. In addition, there are so many edible shrubs that have ecological benefits for people and animals. It is best to choose native plants, because in this way you will create new habitat, which, unfortunately, is increasingly being lost. At the same time you can harvest and enjoy the fruits of your labor. How and when to plant fruit trees and other fruit trees, we explain in this article.

Plant vegetables, herbs and flowers in your cottage garden

When choosing vegetable plants, herbs and flowers in the bed, you are quite free and you can choose according to your wishes. Instead of growing only ornamental plants, however, you will benefit from turning your cottage garden into a kitchen garden. Plan the beds in a mixed culture and pay attention to your plants' needs for light, water and nutrients. What works well, however, depends a bit on your garden soil and climate. In our encyclopedia, you can look up the requirements of your chosen crops. In addition to tips on soil, light and nutrient requirements, you will also find good and bad plant neighbors.

Low maintenance cottage garden ideas: Planting plan

To give you an idea of how your cottage garden could be structured, we have created a digital bed plan as a template. We have chosen crops that are particularly easy to care for and well suited for beginners. The layout is quite classic: four beds with an element in the middle, where the paths cross. The four beds are cultivated in a four-unit crop rotation. Therefore, there is one bed each for weak growers, medium growers and strong growers. The fourth bed is planted with green manure to maintain soil fertility.

Farm garden: Your planting plan

Flowers, herbs and berries

• Berries: Gooseberries and black currants grow on the northern edge of the garden. Berry bushes are generally easy to care for and bring a harvest without much work. Plant the bushes in the previous year in the fall, then you can already harvest the first berries the next year. You can also plant strawberries in your cottage garden. Strawberry plants are also low maintenance and will grow in the same spot for about three years until you need to replace them. In the fall, you can plant garlic among the strawberry plants after the strawberries are harvested.
• Flowers: Typical for a cottage garden are also the many flowering elements. In the flowering strips you can plant the flowers that you like visually. Otherwise, insects will also be happy about the rich food supply provided by many flowering plants. You can sow dahlias, asters, zinnias, borage, clover or cornflowers, to name just a few examples. Sunflowers also provide food for the larger garden inhabitants. If you let the seeds ripen on the plant, birds will gladly peck them out.
• Herbs: In the crossroads there is a herb spiral. Here you have the opportunity to grow many different herbs in a small space. You can combine herbs that you like to use as spices or medicinal herbs. In this herb spiral grow rosemary, thyme, sage, mountain savory, lavender, oregano, tarragon and lemon balm.

Vegetable plants and green manure

• Weak growers: Here grow winter hedge bulbs, a particularly low-maintenance culture. Once sown in spring, this crop remains in the bed for several years and can be harvested all year round. Next to it are two different lettuces and as a flowering component in the bed, edible flowers and herbs still grow here.
• Medium eater: In this bed is a classic among mixed crops: carrots together with leeks. For soil and plant health, there is also spice tea growing at the edge of the bed. You can also eat their flowers and decorate salads or other dishes with them.
• Highly nutritious: Two different potato varieties are planted here. Ideally, you choose one early and one (medium) late variety to increase your harvest window. In between comes a row of broccoli and the border is lined with marigolds.
• Green manure: After growing mostly high-seed crops on this bed last year, give the soil a break. For this purpose, every experienced gardener should regularly sow a green manure. For example, the'Landsberg mixture' with ryegrass, winter vetch and incarnate clover with good previous crop value is well suited. This green manure is sown directly in March and grows in the bed for a year until the following spring. This mixture provides a particularly good food supply for (wild) bees and other pollinating insects. You can also sow legumes as green manure. Bush beans, for example, fix additional nitrogen in the soil. So you can harvest beans and do something good for your garden soil at the same time. In addition, a row of summer savory grows, which protects the beans from the bean aphid.

Today, we still think the cottage garden is a beautiful way to bring a little order to the wild garden while still retaining the rustic charm of wildness and diversity, combining aesthetics and productivity, and simply making the most of a small piece of square ground.

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